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A study aimed at detecting seizure activity during sleep is known as a nocturnal seizure study. This type of study specifically focuses on monitoring EEG activity during the sleep phase to identify potential seizure events that may not be apparent during wakefulness.

In a nocturnal seizure study, electrodes are placed on the scalp to record brain activity over the course of the night, allowing for detailed analysis of any abnormal bursts of electrical activity that would indicate seizures. This targeted approach is crucial for diagnosing epilepsy and other seizure disorders that may manifest predominantly at night.

The other study types listed, while related to evaluating brain activity, do not specifically focus on seizure detection during sleep. For instance, an overnight EEG study typically records electrical activity of the brain but may not be dedicated solely to nocturnal seizures. Similarly, a sleep EEG study assesses brain activity during sleep, but it often encompasses a broader scope of conditions beyond just seizures. A nocturnal polysomnogram, while it examines various sleep parameters such as breathing, leg movements, and sleep stages, also does not hone in exclusively on seizure activity. Therefore, the term nocturnal seizure study is most appropriately aligned with the question asked.